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Foto Langka Putri Harem Raja Persia Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar

August 27, 2016
Lukisan raja Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar bersama anak-anaknya
Foto: qajarpages
Foto langka ini adalah anak dari Raja Persian, Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar. Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar (lahir 16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) adalah Raja Persia dari 17 September 1848 sampai 1 Mei 1896 ketika ia terbunuh.



Ia adalah putra dari Mohammad Shah Qajar dan Malek Jahān Khānom dan penguasa terpanjang ketiga dalam sejarah Persia setelah Shapur II dari dinasti Sassanid dan Tahmasp I dari dinasti Safawiyah. Nasser al-Din Shah adalah penguasa Persia pertama yang pernah menulis dan diterbitkan buku hariannya.

Foto-foto yang kini dipublikasikan oleh Deuch Well (DW) adalah foto yang benar-benar langka. Beberapa di antara putri itu berkumis, mengenakan tutu. Tak sembarangan orang bisa masuk ke harem Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar. Namun kekuatan lensa kamera mengabadikan kehidupan para putri.

Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar tidak hanya memiliki banyak istri, tapi juga punya banyak anak. Esmat al-Dowleh atau Esmat al Dwala merupakan salah satu putri Raja Nasir Shah. Ibunya, Taj al-Dawla atau Taj el Dowleh merupakan selir Raja Nasir Shah. Esmat lahir pada tahun 1855. Sang ayah mengimpor piano ke Iran dan Esmat el-Dowleh kemudian menjadi perempuan pertama di Iran yang bisa main piano.

Esmat el Dowleh, Putri raja - perempuan pertama di Iran yang main piano
Foto: DW

Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar beristri lebih dari 80 orang. Jumlah anaknya lebih dari 40 orang, namun beberapa orang meninggal ketika baru lahir atau masih berusia anak-anak. Yang bertahan hidup 26 orang. Dari anak-anak tersebut raja memperoleh banyak cucu. Tampak dalam foto di bawah ini, salah satu cucunya, Fahr al-Taj.

Fahr al Taj, salah satu cucu Raja
Foto: DW

Cucu Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, Fahr al-Taj tampak sedang bersantai di pinggir kebun. Dalam foto-foto zaman raja Nasir al-Dhin Qajar, perempuan-perempuan Persia cukup aktif mengekspresikan diri. Di masa ini, mereka juga tak menutup wajahnya dengan cadar

Esmat al Dowleh, berkumis
Foto: DW
Pada masa itu, sangat lumrah jika perempuan berkumis. Berbagai laporan menyebutkan , begitu banyak pria mengagumi kecantikan putri raja berkumis itu dan ingin meminangnya. Esmat sering menolak lamaran-lamaran itu.

Putra-putri harem Raja Persia
Foto: DW
Konyol? Ya..belum ada selfie atau wefie saat itu. Tapi semangat berfoto, tetap heboh.... Para perempuan dalam harem berasal dari berbagai latar belakang budaya, wilayah dan status sosialnyapun beragam. Mereka juga membantu tugas raja dan punya pengaruh di istana. Mereka beranak cucu. Tampak dalam foto, anak- cucu Raja Nasir al-Din Shah yang berpose jenaka.

Putri Turan Al Saltanah
Foto: DW
Taj al-Saltanah dilahirkan tahun 1883 dari salah satu istri Raja Nasir yang bernama Turan al-Saltaneh. Putri kesayangan raja ini sangat terkenal sebagai feminis dan anggota The Society of Women’s Freedom.

Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar amat mengasihi putrinya yang progresif ini. Sang putri juga dikenal dekat dengan kalangan sastrawan, terutama para penyair. Meski dicinta sang ayah, ia dibenci oleh saudara laki-laki ynag menggantikan ayahnya sebagai raja. Mozaafar al-Dhin Shah sangat tidak suka dengan aktivitas Taj di ruang publik.

Taj al-Saltanah juga aktiv menulis buku. Salah satu karyanya berjudul: Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity 1884-1914.

Putri Esmat al Dowleh Asik berkebun dengan saudaranya
Foto: DW
Esmat al-Dowleh bersama saudari-saudari dan kawan-kawannya di kebun. Ayahnya Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar yang modern merupakan sultan pertama Persia yang secara resmi mengunjungi Eropa pada tahun 1873, 1878 dan 1889.

Esmat el-dowleh gemar menulis. Saat mengunjungi Eropa, ayahnya takjub dengan kemajuan teknologi dan budaya. Kembali ke Iran ia membawa budaya barat ke Persia. Di antaranya dengan mengenalkan baju balet agar dikenakan oleh para perempuan di haremnya serta budaya literatur.

Saudari-saudarinya berkabung atas meninggalnya  Esmat el Dowleh
Foto: DW
Malaria merenggut nyawa Putri Esmat al-Dowleh tahun 1905 setelah sempat dirawat di rumah sakit. Saudari dan kerabatnya berpakaian warna gelap tanda belasungkawa.

Raja dan para istrinya
Foto: DW
Seni fotografi merupakan salah satu kegemaran Raja Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar. Ia menjadi lambang dominasi pria dalam merekam kehidupan perempuan lewat kekuatan lensa. Tempat tak terjamah dunia luar itu akhirnya terabadikan dalam foto. Tampak dalam foto, sang raja bersama para istrinya.

Nasser-ed-Din Shah Qajar (Kadjar) (l. July 1831-- w. May 1, 1896)
Berikut di antara nama-nama Istri Raja Nasser-ed-Din Shah

  1. Princess Galin Qajar (aghdi), daughter of Ahmad Ali Mirza, 19th son of Fath Ali Shah.
  2. Setareh Khanom (aghdi, later divorced)
  3. Effat al-Saltaneh (sigheh), daughter of Mirza Qoli Beg, equerry of Bahman Mirza, son of Abbas Mirza
  4. Princess Akhtar al-Saltaneh Qajar, (sigheh), daughter of Hassan Ali Mirza Qajar
  5. Princess Shokouh al-Saltaneh Qajar (aghdi), daughter of Fathollah Mirza Qajar "Shoa al-Saltaneh," 35th son of Fath Ali Shah
  6. Princess Khojasteh Khanom Qajar "Tadj ed-Dowleh," (aghdi), daughter of Seyfollah Mirza Qajar, 42nd son of Fath Ali Shah
  7. Jayran "Forough al-Saltaneh," (sigheh, later aghdi after divorce of Setareh Khanoum), the Shah's favorite wife.
  8. Monir al-Saltaneh, (sigheh), daughter of Mohammad Taghi Khan and sister of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan Vazir Nezam "Nezam ed-Dowleh".
  9. Ghamar Taj Khanom "Zighouleh," (sigheh), sister of "Saheb-os-Soltan".
  10. Zinat al-Saltaneh, (sigheh), daughter of Hassan Khan Salar.
  11. Princess Sorour al-Saltaneh Qajar, (sigheh), daughter of Prince Emad ed-Dowleh, son of Mohammad Ali Mirza "Dowlatshah," 1st son of Fath Ali Shah.
  12. Princess Badr al-Saltaneh Qajar, (sigheh), daughter of ....
  13. Princess Shams ed-Dowleh Qajar, (aghdi) daughter of Prince Soltan Ahmad Mirza "Azod ed-Dowleh," 49th son of Fath Ali Shah (author of Tarikh-e Azodi) (See picture below)
  14. Anis ed-Dowleh, (sigheh), the Shah's favorite wife after Jayran. She died 1897.
  15. Zobeideh Amineh Aghdas, (sigheh), aunt of Aziz-os-Soltan, Malijak.
  16. Nadim al-Saltaneh, (sigheh)
  17. Homa Khanom "Valizadeh," (sigheh), daughter of Khosrow Khan Ardalan and Princess Hosn-e Jahan Qajar.
  18. Khazen ed-Dowleh, (sigheh)
  19. Vajieh ed-Dowleh, (sigheh)
  20. Marjan Khanom, (sigheh)
  21. Touran al-Saltaneh, (sigheh)
  22. Hormat al-Saltaneh, (sigheh)
  23. Mahboub al-Saltaneh, (sigheh)
  24. Vaghar al-Saltaneh, (sigheh)
  25. Khojasteh, (sigheh), daughter of Mirza Abdol Motaleb.
  26. Leila Khanom (sister of Sardar Amjad of Mazandaran) 
  27. Aishe Khanom (Sister of Sardar Amjad of Mazandaran) 
Nama-nama Putra raja Nasser-ed-Din Shah, diantaranya: 

  1. (dari Princess Galin Khanom "Fakhr el-Molk," daughter of Ahmad Ali Mirza, 19th son of Fath Ali Shah), Soltan Mahmoud Mirza, (1847 -- 1849), proclaimed Crown Prince "Valiahd" of Persia, 1849. Died in infancy. 
  2. (dari Princess Khojasteh Khanom "Taj ed-Dowleh"), Soltan Moin ed-Din Mirza, (b. 1849 -- d. Nov. 1856), proclaimed Crown Prince "Valiahd" of Persia, 1851(52). Died in early childhood. No issue. Featured in famous Nezamiyeh Hall painting.
  3. (dari Effat al-Saltaneh, daughter of Mirza Qoli Beg, equerry of Bahman Mirza, son of Abbas Mirza), Soltan Mass'oud Mirza "Yamin ed-Dowleh" and later "Zell-e Soltan," (b. 1850 -- d. 1918). Not proclaimed Crown Prince of Persia by reason of non-Qajar origin of mother. Ancestor of the Mass'oud family. He had issue 13 sons and several daughters.
  4. (dariJayran, Forouq al-Saltaneh), Amir Mohammad Qassem Mirza, "Amir Kabir", "Amir Nezam", (b. 1852 -- d. June 1858), proclaimed Crown Prince "Valiahd" of Persia, (1856 or 1857). Died in early childhood. No issue. Featured in famous Nezamiyeh Hall painting.
  5. (dari Effat al-Saltaneh), Soltan Hossein Mirza "Jalal ed-Dowleh" (b. 1852 -- d. 1868), full brother of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan and of Banou Ozma. Governor of Mashhad. Died in adolescence leaving behind one son, Mehdi Gholi Mirza Moayed Soltan, who was raised by his uncle Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan.
  6. (dari Princess Shokouh al-Saltaneh, daughter of Shahzadeh Fathollah Mirza, Shoa' al-Saltaneh, 35th son of Fath Ali Shah), Mozaffar ed-Din Mirza, later Mozaffar ed-Din Shah, (b. 1853 -- d. 1907; r. 1896 -1907). See descendants of Mozaffar-ed-Din Shah.
  7. (dari Jayran, Forouq al-Saltaneh) Malek Shah. Died in infancy. No issue.
  8. (dari Jayran, Forouq al-Saltaneh) Rokn ed-Din Mirza "Amir-e Toupkhaneh," proclaimed so by Nasser ed-Din Shah in infancy in order for Jayran to be beneficiary of the pension resulting from the arsenal. Died at age 3 (b. 1855- d. 1858). No issue. Featured in famous Nezamiyeh Hall painting.
  9. (dari Jayran, Forouq al-Saltaneh), child. Died in infancy.
  10. (dari Monir al-Saltaneh), Kamran Mirza, (b. 1856 -- d. 1927), "Nayeb al-Saltaneh", "Amir Kabir," father of Princess Djahan Khanom (b.1875), later Malekeh Djahan, wife of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar. Kamran Mirza is the ancestor of the Kamrani family. He had issue several sons and daughters.
  11. (dari Princess Zinat al-Saltananeh), Nosrat ed-Din Mirza "Salar al-Saltaneh," (b. 1882 -- d. Paris, 1333 solar/1955). He had issue, three sons: Soltan Hossein Mirza, Soltan Ali Mirza, and Abdollah Mirza.
  12. (dari Princess Badr al-Saltaneh), Mohammad Reza Mirza, "Rokn-e Saltaneh", (b. 1883 -- d. Paris, 1330 solar/1947). He had no issue.
  13. (dari Marjan Khanom) Hossein Ali Mirza "Yamin al-Saltaneh," (b. 1890 -- d. 1341 solar/1963). He had no issue.
  14. (dari Touran al-Saltaneh) Soltan Ahmad Mirza "Azod-e Saltaneh," (b. 1891 -- d. 1318 solar/1940). He had no issue. 
Nama Putri-putri Raja Nasser-ed-Din Shah, Diantaranya:
  1. (By ?) Princess Ma'ssumeh Khanom "Fakhr ol-Molk" (b. 1847 -- d. 1878) (m. Amir Mehdi Khan Qajar Davalou "Entezam ed-Dowleh.") She had three sons and a daughter.
  2. (By ?) Princess Zia al-Saltaneh (b. 1855 -- d. ?) (m. Agha Sa'id Zeyn al-Abedin "Zahir al-Islam," Emam Jom'eh of Tehran.) She had two sons and three daughters.
  3. (By Princess Khojasteh Khanom "Taj ed-Dowleh") Princess Fatemeh Khanom "Esmat ed-Dowleh" (b. 1856 -- d. 1905) (m. Amir Doust Mohammad Khan "Nezam ed-Dowleh" "Moayyer al-Mamalek," son of Mirza Doust Ali Khan "Nezam ed-Dowleh.") She had two sons and two daughters.
  4. (By Effat al-Saltaneh, daughter of Mirza Qoli Beg, equerry of Bahman Mirza, son of Abbas Mirza) Princess Kasra'il Banou Ozma (full sister of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan), married Abol Fath Khan Sarem-ed-Dowleh Qajar, paternal cousin of Nasser ed-Din Shah, son of Khan Baba Khan Mohammad Hassan Khan Sardar Makoui Qajar paternal cousin of Fath Ali Shah. (Abol Fath Khan Sarem ed-Dowleh plotted with Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan to overthrow Nasser ed-Din Shah and was poisoned on orders of Nasser-ed-Din Shah while on visit to the palace in Tehran. The plot was in opposition to Nasser ed-Din Shah choosing Mozaffar ed-Din Mirza as his successor. Tehran was under lockdown for two weeks when the news of his death became public.) Princess Banou Ozma and Abol Fath Khan Sarem ed-Dowleh Qajar had seven sons and one daughter. Five of their sons married their cousins, daughters of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan. Their only daughter, Malekeh Ozma married Firouz Mirza, son of Zell-e Soltan. (See descendants of Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan).
  5. (By Leila Khanom, sister of Sardar Amjad of Mazandaran)) Princess Eftekhar al-Saltaneh (b. 1858 -- d. ?) m. 1st her paternal cousin Entezam-al-Saltaneh son of Sardar Amjad; m. 2nd Nezam-al-Dowleh Khajehnoori. For her descendants click here. [This information was provided to us by the Soheili family, descendants of Princess Eftekhar-al-Saltaneh.]
  6. (By Princess Galin Khanom "Fakhr el-Molk," daughter of Ahmad Ali Mirza, 19th son of Fath Ali Shah), Princess Afsar ed-Dowleh (m. Moayyed-od-Dowleh Hessam-Saltaneh) (For her descendants see Ahmadi Genealogy.)
  7. (By ?) Princess Valizadeh Khanom (b. 1859 -- d. 1915) (m. 1st, Mohammad Hossein Khan "E'tezad al-Molk" son of Amir Mohammad Khan Qajar Davalou "Amir ol-Omara." m. 2nd Prince Abdol Ali Mirza Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh, son of Farhad Mirza Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh, son of Abbas Mirza Nayeb al-Saltaneh. She had issue.
  8. (By Khazen ed-Dowleh) Princess Touran Agha "Fakhr ed-Dowleh" (I) (m. Mehdi Qoli Khan Qajar Qoyunlu, "Majd ed-Dowleh," (b. 1850; d. 1937), Ilkhan, fourth son of Mirza Issa Khan Vali Qajar Qoyunlu, "Ehtesham ed-Dowleh" and maternal cousin of Nasser ed-Din Shah Qajar. She was a poet and writer who penned the story of Amirarsalan Rumi, a story recited nightly for her father by her father's storyteller (naqal).
  9. (By ?) Princess Forough al-Saltaneh (b. 1862 --d. ?) (m. Mehdi Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlou "Majd ed-Dowleh")
  10. (By Khazen ed-Dowleh) Princess Touman Agha "Forough ed-Dowleh" "Malekeh-ye Iran" (b. 1862 -- d. 1892) (m. Mirza Ali Khan Qajar Davalou "Zahir ed-Dowleh" "Safi Ali Shah," Grand-Master of Ceremonies of Nasser ed-Din Shah). They had three sons and four daughters, among them Forough al-Molk and Malek al-Molouk. Princess Forough ed-Dowleh and hewr twwo daughters Forough al-Molk and Malek al-Molouk were members of the Anjoman-e Okhovvat (Society of Brotherhood) and were followers of the Sufi tradition of Safi Ali Shah. Princess Forough ed-Dowleh and her daughter Forough al-Molk were also poets and writers and active in the Constitutional Revolution of 1907-09 on the side of the constitutionalists.
  11. Princess Ehteram ed-Dowleh "Akhtar ed-Dowleh" (b. 1881 -- ) (m. Malijak "Aziz al-Soltan")
  12. Princess Zahra Khanom "Taj al-Saltaneh" (b. 1884 -- d. 1936) (m. Amir Hassan Khan Shoja' al-Saltaneh) She had four children.
  13. Princess Qodrat al-Saltaneh (b. 1891 -- d. ?) (m. Prince Joneyd Mirza "Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh" son of Prince Abol Ali Mirza "Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh") She had three sons.
  14. Other daughters of Nasser-ed-Din Shah (to be completed).
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